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Parkinson’s Disease

Home » Parkinson’s Disease

Geriatric Condition:

Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement. It is characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. The condition primarily affects older adults and can significantly impact their quality of life and independence.

Types

Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: The most common form, with no identifiable cause.
Secondary Parkinsonism: Results from other conditions such as stroke, brain injury, or exposure to certain toxins.
Atypical Parkinsonism (Parkinson-plus Syndromes): Includes disorders like Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), and Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD) that have Parkinson-like symptoms but with additional features.

Symptoms

Tremors: Rhythmic shaking, usually starting in the hands or fingers.
Rigidity: Muscle stiffness, often in the limbs and trunk.
Bradykinesia: Slowed movement, making simple tasks difficult and time-consuming.
Postural Instability: Impaired balance and coordination, leading to frequent falls.
Other Symptoms: Can include changes in speech, writing, facial expressions, and gait.

Causes

Genetic Factors: Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of Parkinson’s Disease.
Environmental Factors: Exposure to toxins such as pesticides and heavy metals.
Age: The risk of Parkinson’s increases with age, particularly after the age of 60.
Sex: Men are more likely to develop Parkinson’s Disease than women.

Impact To Lifestyle

Reduced Independence: Difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) such as dressing, bathing, and eating.
Mobility Issues: Increased risk of falls and injuries due to impaired balance and coordination.
Chronic Pain: Muscle stiffness and joint pain can be persistent and debilitating.
Emotional Health: Depression, anxiety, and social isolation due to the progressive nature of the disease.
Cognitive Changes: Memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and other cognitive impairments can occur in advanced stages.

Management & Prevention

Medical Management: Use of medications such as levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors to manage symptoms.
Physical Therapy: Tailored exercise programs to improve strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination.
Occupational Therapy: Strategies and adaptive devices to assist with daily activities and enhance independence.
Speech Therapy: Techniques to improve speech and communication skills.
Surgical Options: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) may be considered for some patients to control motor symptoms.
Exercise and Activity: Regular physical activity to maintain muscle strength and overall fitness.
Nutritional Support: A balanced diet to support overall health and manage medication side effects.
Support Groups: Participation in Parkinson’s support groups to connect with others and share experiences.
Education: Learning about the disease and its management to better cope with its progression.
Home Modifications: Adapting the living environment to reduce fall risks, such as installing grab bars and removing tripping hazards.