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Geriatric Condition:

Arthritis

Arthritis is a group of conditions characterized by inflammation and pain in the joints. It often leads to decreased mobility and can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. The condition can affect various joints in the body, leading to varying degrees of discomfort and functional limitations.

Types

Osteoarthritis: The most common form of arthritis in the elderly, resulting from wear and tear of joint cartilage over time.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the joints, leading to chronic inflammation.
Psoriatic Arthritis: Associated with the skin condition psoriasis, it can also affect the joints.
Gout: Caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden and severe joint pain.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica: An inflammatory disorder causing muscle pain and stiffness, often in the shoulders and hips, prevalent in older adults.

Causes

Age-Related Changes: Natural degeneration of joint cartilage and reduced joint lubrication with age.
Genetic Predisposition: A family history of arthritis can increase the risk.
Joint Injuries: Previous joint injuries can predispose elderly individuals to arthritis.
Obesity: Excess weight places additional stress on joints, particularly weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips.
Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis result from the immune system attacking joint tissues.

Impact To Lifestyle

Reduced Independence: Difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) such as dressing, bathing, cooking, and cleaning.
Chronic Pain: Persistent joint pain that affects sleep, mood, and overall well-being.
Limited Mobility: Decreased range of motion in affected joints, making movement and daily activities more challenging.
Social Isolation: Mobility limitations can restrict social interactions and participation in community activities.
Emotional Health: Chronic pain and reduced mobility can lead to feelings of frustration, depression, and anxiety.

Management & Prevention

Medical Management: Use of medications such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to control inflammation and pain.
Physical Therapy: Tailored exercise programs to improve joint function, strength, flexibility, and balance.
Assistive Devices: Use of canes, walkers, braces, and other devices to aid mobility and reduce joint stress.
Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight to lessen stress on weight-bearing joints.
Home Modifications: Adapting the living environment to reduce joint strain, such as installing grab bars, using raised toilet seats, and ensuring good lighting to prevent falls.
Exercise and Activity: Engaging in low-impact exercises like swimming, walking, and tai chi to maintain joint health and overall fitness.
Nutritional Support: Consuming a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Joint Protection Techniques: Learning proper body mechanics and using joint protection strategies to reduce stress on joints.
Education and Support: Participating in arthritis education programs and support groups to gain knowledge about managing the condition and to connect with others facing similar challenges.

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